Castles :: castles medieval times served home fortress monarch noble earliest built earth wood 12th century most stone stones came local mines quarries possible sometimes carried long distances water ox wagons roofs covered slates clay tiles wooden shingles castles steep hill sides top rocky cliffs protection attackers made harder reach also additional essays research papers fc Castles

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Castles

     In medieval times, castles served as the home and fortress of a monarch
or noble. The earliest castles were built from earth and wood. By the 12th
century, most castles were built from stone. The stones came from local mines
or quarries if possible, but sometimes they had to be carried long distances by
water or on ox wagons. The roofs of castles were covered with slates, clay
tiles, or wooden shingles.
     Castles were built on steep hill sides or at the top of rocky cliffs.
This was for protection from attackers. It made it harder for them to reach the
castle.
     Castles also had additional purposes. They sometimes served as barracks,
prisons, storehouses, armories, treasure houses, and the center for local
government. Castles sometimes had brewhouses, a laundry a huge bakers oven,
workshops, dovecotes, and stables (MacDonald, p.12)
     Castle walls surrounded the entire castle and were usually several
meters thick. They usually had 3 layers: a rough stone inner shell, a thick,
solid filling of flint and rubble, and an outer layer of stone called ashlar.
(MacDonald, p.8) There was usually a walkway along the top of the walls so
guards could keep watch. Some castle walls had spaces at the top called
embrassures, which allowed archers to shoot with the protection of the wall.
These openings also permitted stones or boiling water to be thrown down on the
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