Preview of El Nino:

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El Nino


     Typically, the level of ocean water around the world is higher in the
western Pacific and lower in the eastern, near the Western coast of South and
North America. This is due primarily to the presence of easterly winds in the
Pacific, which drag the surface water westward and raise the thermocline
relatively all the way up to the surface in the east and dampen it in the west.
During El Nino conditions, however, the easterlies move east, reducing the
continuing interaction between wind and sea, allowing the thermocline to become
nearly flat and to plunge several feet below the surface of the water, allowing
the water to grow warm and expand. With the help of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration's weather satellites, tracking shifting patterns of
sea-surface temperatures can be made easier. Normally, a "pool" of warm water in
the western Pacific waters exists. Under El Nino conditions, this "pool" drifts
southeast towards the coast of South America. This is because, in a normal year,
there is upwelling on the western South American coastline, and cold waters of
the Pacific rise and push westward. However, during an El Nino year, upwelling
is suppressed and as a result, the thermocline is lower than normal. Finally,
thermocline rises in the west, making upwelling easier and water colder. Air
pressures at sea level in the South Pacific seesaw back and forth between two
distinct patterns. In the high index... [to view the full essay now, purchase below]

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