Motivation is an incentive or a motive for a person do something.:
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Motivation is an incentive or a motive for a person do something.
There have been a wide variety of theories about motivation developed
over the years.
MASLOW
Maslow classified people's needs into a hierarchy of 5 levels. The
lower levels would need to be fulfilled before the higher ones could
be. The more of a persons needs are fulfilled the more motivated they
will be to work.
Level number Needs
Examples
1 Physiological Buying basic necessities
2 Security Need for routine / familiarity
3 Affiliation Gaining trust and acceptance
4 Self-esteem Feeling useful - self-respect
5 Self-actualisation Realising potential
McGREGOR
Douglas McGregor published his work on motivation in 1960. He looked
at the reasons why people work, and he classified them in two ways -
Theory X and Theory Y.
THEORY X
THEORY Y
People are naturally lazy and dislike work
Many different factors motivate
People need discipline / control
People enjoy work
People are motivated by money
People can take responsibility for themselves
People don't naturally consider others
Management should give people the opportunity to show creativity
HERZBERG
Herzberg considered the things that satisfy people about their work,
and the things that dissatisfy them. He argued that if a firm reduced
factors that dissatisfy people, that would not in itself motivate
them. However, it would avoid potential problems and the possibility
of lower productivity as a result. He called these two factors -
Motivators and Hygiene factors.
Definition
Examples
MOTIVATORS
Aspects of the job which motivate people
- Responsibility
- Nature of the job
- Recognition of effort
- Chance of promotion
- Sense of achievement
HYGIENE FACTORS
Aspects of the job which need to be overcome to prevent
dissatisfaction. They do not in themselves motivate if alright.
- Poor conditions of work
- Company policy
- Pay
- Lack of recognition
- No opportunities for self-development
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